Thursday, 30 October 2014

Bug dye!

I've come across a interesting way farmers use bugs in central America.
I had heard of this before, as I had a friend who swore she wouldn't ever drink anything strawberry flavoured as it has this 'bug dye' in it.
Well, turns out it is true. In many red-coloured foods (for example, a strawberry frappuchino from Starbucks), cochinal insects are what make it so pink.
The insects are found on cactus leaves, which are then picked and crushed, and their smashed bodies create a a dark red ink. Sounds a little bit gross, but it is in a lot more than people often suspect.
Red lipstick, juices, and candy sometimes contain this red dye. The dye is usually called "carmine" when labeled on a packet. Which, to be honest, sounds a lot better than crushed bug body!

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-farmers-make-red-dye-from-bugs-2014-10?op=1

Cochineal insects, native to Central and South America, thrive on one particular species of cactus — the prickly pear.

They then store the leaves inside a greenhouse, where the bugs can continue to thrive.
The cactus leaves are put into a greenhouse which allows the bugs to then continue to grow and live on the leaves.

The tiny bugs get their color by thriving on the plant's bright red cactus berries, which are scattered across the leaves.
Since the bugs don’t budge, workers have to use tough brushes to scrape them off of the cacti leaves. Just a few bugs won’t do it: Nearly 70,000 insects are just enough to make one pound of dye.

The bugs are scraped off the leaves
By the colonial period, cochineal dye had become one of Mexico’s most prized exports, second only to silver. Here, a worker selects the best insects from the harvest, which, once dried, he will crush into a grainy, red substance.
The bugs then die, and are left to dry out.
A worker uses his fingers to crush a cochineal insect, revealing its deep red color.
When crushed, they produce a red dye (pictured above).

So once the process is complete, the bugs can be made into powdered dyes which can be in a range of shades, from a very light and bright red to a deep maroon.




That substance is then processed into a powder or mixed with water and made into a liquid. The pigment can take on several different shades, making it widely appealing for a variety of uses. The ancient industry has seen a recent economic revival in South and Central America. Today, Peru exports the most of the dye; the country produces close to 200 tons of it each year.

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